Focused on the issue that the traditional multiplierless Infinite Impulse Response (ⅡR) digital filters have fixed structure and poor performance, a random structure based design method for multiplierless ⅡR digital filters was proposed. Stable 2-order subsystems with shifters were directly used to design the multiplierless filter structure. Firstly, a set of encoding structures of the multiplierless digital filter were created randomly. Then, Differential Evolution with a Successful-Parent-Selecting Framework (SPS-DE) was used to optimize the multiplierless filter structure. The proposed method realized diversified structure design, and SPS-DE effectively balanced exploration and exploitation due to adopting a Successful-Parent-Selecting framework, which achieved good results in the optimization of the multiplierless filter structure. Compared with state-of-the-art design methods, the passband ripple of the multiplierless ⅡR filter designed in this paper is reduced by 43% and the stopband maximum attenuation is decreased by 40.4%. Simulation results show that the multiplierless ⅡR filter designed by the proposed method meets structural requirements and has good performance.